Here are my thoughts;
1. All your barrels will break siphon at that point because that is the point of equal pressure, if you siphon from a bucket once you lift the end of the hose to the height of the water in the bucket the siphon stops. This is not a bad thing, water is still being circulated from the bottom of your GB's, you'll always have some water remaining in your GB's. As an emergency water source for worms, long roots and as a wicker effect.
2. Your pipe siphon will not "fire" without adequate water volume...you might have to increase you rate of flow. Or build your pipe siphon out of 1/2" PVC. I would work on more water volume, not sure how long it takes for your barrels to fill. To much time may leave your plants out of water to long, with some water remaining in your GB it helps in decreasing your refill time.
3. Where the water meets the return pipe to the sump is where most of your problems lie. You have your 90 elbow going straight down. This needs to be turn 90+ degrees to the right. By angling it slightly upward you create back pressure in the water flow leaving your GB, this will cause the pipe siphon to "fire".
4. That last 90 elbow must never be completely under water...it needs to allow air to move back to the pipe siphon in order to break the siphon. It may take several air glops to break siphon. Think of it this way...back to siphoning water from a bucket with a hose. In order to break the siphon air has to enter the hose from either end, this air breaks the siphon in the hose and water will drain out of the hose.
5. I would like you to try this; take 1 barrel, take the 90 out of the 2" pipe , turn it to the right 90+ increase this angle if the pipe siphon falls to "fire" after it starts to cycle (it should take a minute or so). Make sure you have enough water volume entering your GB to fill it in about 8 minutes, from where it normally breaks siphon, (not totally empty).
I take it that you have no swirl filler in your system, media, water and barrels look real dirty.
Check out "Hello from Phoenix AZ..." he's using the 1/2 barrels, just a thought.
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I HAVE NOT FAILED. I'VE JUST FOUND 10,000 WAYS THAT WON'T WORK. Thomas A Edison